…third-order centers for local administration and countless fourth-order settlements based on agriculture and livestock production. The peasant class lived in modest dwellings with mud walls and straw roofs built upon…
Social organization
…social position than others. This would have intensified under the influence of the Tiwanaku culture, which established ties with the elite residents of the desert oases in order to insert…
The condor and the shepherdess
…order to marry her. The father of the girl, who was a wise old farmer, said, “I have no doubt that this cuntir [the bird’s Quechua name] will come to…
The story of chimango
…and the young woman pushed him away forcefully. After that, she did not want anything to do with him, which dismayed him as he realized the young woman had no…
History
…Altiplano, ultimately reaching the city of Potosí, in Bolivia. The zone was also home to early colonial pueblos de indios (“indian towns”) such as Amincha and Alota, created by order…
Llama Caravans in the Desert
…At least once every year, Altiplano herders would journey to the lowlands with their llama herds in order to exchange locally made goods for those produced by lowland…
Social organization
…Tiwanaku society was organized into different social classes in the following hierarchical order: leaders, priests, administrators, artisans and lastly the large masses of peasants and herders. In these times…
Center
…and even southern Chile, and the different indigenous groups that lived here had well-established social, political and economic networks. The area also was home to indigenous hunter-gatherer groups that lived…
Historia
…the mountains and forests of the island’s southern region, which led to territorial conflicts with other groups. Around the same time, the Salesian religious order founded missions on Dawson Island…
Beliefs and funeral rites
…which represents the courses of rivers and streams. These three spirits are linked to the origin, abundance and distribution of water, the giver of life, and to the natural ordering…
Languaje
…of nature or an abstract idea of a higher order. Examples include chetjen (newborn guanaco); shotel (guanaco eye); and Otil nau (good spirit). Each Tehuelche subgroup had its own dialect….
Beliefs and funeral rites
…social order, and seems to have been adopted from the neighboring Sek’nam people. The last ceremonies of this kind recorded took place between 1920 and 1923. There was also a…
Arid North
…dismembered. Almagro’s army remained here for several days collecting the corn that they found in storehouses and silos. From there, in order to access the freshwater springs in the valleys…
Social organization
…and the new political order required the division of valleys into two halves, each under its own authority. This kind of dual sociopolitical structure had been seen before in the…